Rediscovery of the Lohmander’s collection of Diplopoda from Ukraine

The collection of diplopods identified by H. Lohmander during his visit to Kyiv in 1927 was considered to be lost, but it is rediscovered now in the Zoological Department of the National Museum of Natural History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv). It includes syntypes of two species and two subspecies that were described from Kyiv and its vicinities and are still valid with one former subspecies currently recognized in species status: Brachyiulus jawlowskii Lohmander, 1928, Leptoiulus semenkevitschi Lohmander, 1928, Megaphyllum kievense (Lohmander, 1928) and Polydesmus montanus ukrainicus Lohmander, 1928. Findings of L. semenkevitschi and P. m. ukrainicus are especially valuable, because there are no other specimens in known collections and both taxa are officially protected in Ukraine by its Red Book. Catalogue of syntypes is provided with high quality photos. The list of 31 millipedes species from Kyiv and its vicinities in the Lohmander’s collection provided with his identifications and notes on current taxonomical status is given. specimens, Europe.


Introduction
In 1927 Swedish zoologist Hans Lohmander (1896Lohmander ( -1961 was invited to identify diplopods in the collection of Zoological Museum of Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in Kyiv (now Zoological Department of the National Museum of Natural History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) by its director, entomologist Prof. Volodymyr Karavayev [also spelled Wladimir Karawajew, etc.]  . Numerous Diplopods were collected mainly by Julius Semenkevitsh , a curator of Zoological Museum of Kyiv University; by Theodosius Dobzhansky , a famous American-Ukrainian evolutionary biologist, who worked in the academic Zoological Museum in Kyiv during 1919Kyiv during -1923 at the begging of his career; and by other scientists, including such Kyiv zoologists as V. Aleksandrovsky, S. Panocini (Panotshini), V. Sovinsky, V. Karavayev, W. Dirsch, D. Beling, I. Belanovskiy, A. Ogloblin, G. Shpet etc.
Ecologica Montenegrina 44: 19-25 (2021) This journal is available online at: www.biotaxa.org/em http://dx.doi.org/10. 37828/em.2021.44.3 In the result of the work with this collection, as well as collection of Zoological Museum in Berlin (Germany), Lohmander had published a paper containing descriptions of 9 new forms: five species from Caucasus, two species and two subspecies from Kyiv and vicinities (Central Ukraine) (Lohmander 1928). These materials were never mentioned in literature again. Moreover, the deposition place of type material was not specified in the original publication. It was not catalogued as the type specimens in the zoological collections of Kyiv, and was largely considered to be lost during World War II.
Four taxa described by Lohmander (1928) from Kyiv and its vicinities are all valid to date with one former subspecies currently recognized in species status (Lazanyi & Vagalinski 2013;Kime & Enghoff 2017): Brachyiulus jawlowskii Lohmander, 1928, Leptoiulus semenkevitschi Lohmander, 1928, Megaphyllum kievense (Lohmander, 1928 (was described as Chromatoiulus transsilvanicus kievensis Lohmander, 1928) and Polydesmus montanus ukrainicus Lohmander, 1928. Leptoiulus semenkevitschi and P. m. ukrainicus are officially protected in Ukraine, they were included to the Red Data Book of Ukraine since 1994 (Red Data Book… 1994, 2009. First species was found only once after Lohmander near Zolotonosha city in Central Ukraine (Kosyanenko 2008). Polydesmus montanus ukrainicus was recorded in few locations in Central Ukraine (Chornyi & Golovatch 1993;Chornyi 2001;Chornyi & Kosyanenko 2003). Although, all these additional materials come from the private collection of E. Kosyanenko and their location remain unknown, because after this researcher had quit the scientific work her collection was not deposited in any institution. During the preparation of materials on millipeds for the next edition of the Red Book of Ukraine (I. Balashov) no specimens of L. semenkevitschi and P. m. ukrainicus were found in any available collections to make new illustrations. This situation initiated the search for original Lohmander's collection and its part from Kyiv was rediscovered by A. Martynov in early 2020. It was not cataloged and its type specimens were not labeled. Many other species of millipedes collected in Kyiv and its vicinities were not mentioned in the Lohamnder's paper, therefore we list them here.

Material and methods
All material is housed in vials with 85% ethanol (Fig. 1) in collection of Department of Zoology of the National Museum of Natural History, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine [NMNH NASU]. The text of original labels is given in quotes within the chapter "Type material" for every vial containing types. All original labels are combined: they bear the handwritten text (filed in Italic) and printed text (filed in Regular). An additional label with inventory number of the material was added by us to every vial with type material (e.g. -IKOFZ-IT 98, IKOFZ-IT 115 etc.).
Photographs of specimens were taken using a Leica M205A microscope, Leica Z16 APO with Leica DFC450 Digital Camera. Photos were subsequently processed with LAS Core 3.8 software.
The list of 31 species is given by the Lohmander's original labels without checking identifications. Taxonomy is given according to Millibase (millibase.org) and Kime & Enghoff (2017). Original identifications of Lohmander are given in the square brackets if the current combinations are different.

List of species and subspecies in Lohmander's collection from Kyiv and its vicinities
The preserved part of Lohmander's Diplopoda collection numbers about 1500 specimens, and 57 of them are the syntypes of four taxa: Brachyiulus jawlowskii (6 specimens), Leptoiulus semenkevitschi (47 specimens), Megaphyllum kievense (4 specimens) and Polydesmus montanus ukrainicus (3 specimens). Except for these species and subspecies presented with type specimens, Lohmander's collection in NMNH NASU contains material on 27 other species collected in Kyiv and its vicinities in the beginning of XX century (see collectors in Introduction).
To date, there are no check-list or overview paper on Diplopoda of all Ukraine, but Chornyi & Golovatch (1993) gave the list of species, key and short information on both local and general distribution of 50 diplopod species and subspecies of plain areas within Ukraine. This work was later contributed by several other papers on diplopods of Ukraine (e.g., Gologvatch 2010, 2011). The species list of Chornyi & Golovatch (1993) covered all species from Lohmander collection. This paper is the first step in review of Lohmander's collection of Diplopoda from Ukraine. It rediscovers the type specimens of four forms considered as lost. The provided species list of Diplopoda in the collection of NMNH NASU is aimed to arise interest in specialists for investigation of this historical material.